Important Updates from Alan Mackenzie
Internet Matters are putting on a free webinar for parents to examine their findings in their latest report about how children in the UK are engaging with AI chatbots including the risks and opportunities. This would be a really worthwhile webinar for parents to attend, it will be taking place on 17th July at 11:00am and parents can register HERE.
Why are Children using ChatGPT?

My good friend Darren Laur has written an excellent article based on his findings with students, comparing using ChatGPT and Google search, quote when a student types a question into a search engine they are often met with an 'information haystack'; pages of links, some outdated, some misleading, some paywalled......dozens of ads and SEO-optimized blog posts. ChatGPT flips that model on its head, it offers synthesised, relevant responses without the clutter and advertising unquote.
I couldn't agree more, and it's why I'm using ChatGPT more than ever before, as are our children. Recent research from the LEGO Group and The Alan Turing Institute found that nearly a quarter of children aged 8-12 have already experimented with GenAI, most commonly ChatGPT. My findings in the classroom is that the percentage is higher in a lot of the schools I'm visiting, especially Year 6.
But this presents a potential issue; they're doing it by themselves, predominantly without any guidance or knowledge of things like bias, hallucinations, guardrails, correct prompting etc. As the UK government announces 1 million students in secondary schools will take part in a new AI skills programme, what about those younger primary-aged students who are already experimenting?
One issue here is that most mainstream GenAI models have age restrictions, much like social media, commonly 13+ and 18+. Which presents us with the same problem we have with social media - we know they're using it therefore we have to engage with them about it, a fine line sometimes!
Due to the cost and variety of devices, Android smartphones can be incredibly popular with children and young people.
As with other devices there are a variety of parental controls, including controls that allow parents to set the maturity level of apps and games. Full information including detailed instructions can be found HERE.
Children Exposed to Violent Content - Despite Protections
A few months ago Instagram announced their new 'Teen Accounts' with additional protections announced early April this year. offering quote built-in protections for teens, peace of mind for parents unquote. Over the years I've become disillusioned when it comes to these types of announcements - hope for the best, expect little. The reality is there are often workarounds and these newer features don't always work as well as the announcement claims.
In May 2025 some BBC journalists set up 6 teen accounts on Instagram, TikTok and and YouTube and scrolled each profile for 10 minutes per day for a week and it wasn't long before very concerning content was being shown.
You can view the full article and findings HERE.
Report Harmful Content Annual Report
Report Harmful Content is a free helpline provided by the UK Safer Internet Centre for young people aged 13+. Their annual report always makes an interesting read as it gives a unique insight into the concerns of those young people. I've put some key takeaways below and you can download the full report HERE.
- The number of reports increased by over 20% (6,222) compared to the previous year.
- The helpline were able to get online content removed from platforms in 86% of cases, this is superb.
- The most prominent concerns raised were:
- o Bullying
- o Witnessing CSAM.
- o Harassment
- o Privacy violations.
- o Allegations of abuse.
Reporting Online Harm
Coincidentally and following on from the RHC report, Internet Matters have just released a survey representing 2,000 parents and 1,000 children to understand and improve how children report online harm.
One of the key findings shows that 71% have experienced harm online, but only around a third actually report that harm. Barriers to reporting include unclear language, too many steps, confusing categories, concerns around anonymity (e.g. will the person I've reported find out), and platform inaction.
Additionally:
- Girls are more likely to report upsetting content, boys more likely to report illegal content.
- Vulnerable children are more likely to experience online harm, and are more likely to report it compared to non-vulnerable children.
The full briefing can be found HERE.
Fortnite and AI
Fortnite continues to be one of the most popular games played by children and young people. The game is continually being updated with new features and in their latest update Epic Games has introduced an AI feature where players can talk to characters like Darth Vader.
As with anything like this, it's questionable whether Epic Games have really thought this through or are they just jumping on the bandwagon of AI where everyone is seemingly introducing it.
Wayne Denner has written a blog post about this, including some advice for parents including the parental settings for the new AI feature. You can find the blog post HERE.
Should Your Child Have a Smartphone?
My friend and fellow consultant Wayne Denner has put together a simple article which I think will help parents ask the right questions in order to come up with an informed decision. In his article, Wayne asks what is the appropriate age, he delves into the hidden impact of social media and filter bubbles, then gives some advice about ground rules and agreements.
You can find Wayne's article HERE.
Pinterest Privacy and Safety Settings
But because it is user to user there will be content that isn't suitable for everyone. Back in 2022, during the inquest into the death of a 14 year old, even Pinterest admitted the platform wasn't safe.
Internet matters have an excellent page full of advice and guidance about filtering content, reporting tools and more which you can find HERE.
Sextortion Scam
We've seen various reports over the last week or so of a new sextortion scam doing the rounds. It isn't new, it just appears to be a new round of a scam that has been around for years, but it is a concerning one as it plays right onto emotional fear.
If you read the article below it will hopefully be apparent why we can't go into detail here regarding the modus operandi (mainly due to spam/blacklist filters). In a nutshell you receive an email which states that, whilst you were browsing adult-themed websites, your device camera has been activated and a video recording has been made of you and, unless you pay a sum of money, the recording will be shared to your friends and family.
Credibility to the email is often due to the fact that a password you have used previously is included in the email. Offenders will often use simple social engineering tactics to get what they want and fear can be a very successful tactic, particularly if it is personalised (e.g. highlighting your email address and a password), but the bottom line is that this is a pretty standard (albeit very frightening) phishing scam.
It's worth highlighting this to secondary age students, let them know that it is a scam and, if they receive something similar they should check the website HaveIBeenPwned to see if any of their accounts have been compromised. If so, change the password and enable two-factor authentication if available.
More detail about the scam email can be found in The Guardian HERE and I have also included some guidance for parents below.
Sextortion
Following on from the update above, although we've highlighted this as a phishing scam doing the rounds at the moment, the fact remains that financially motivated extortion (FMSE) is on the increase worldwide, so it's important that parents have the knowledge and tools to be able to talk to their children about this. Internet Matters have an excellent guide for parents which can be found HERE.
Children's Media Literacy Report 2025
Ofcom have released their latest annual report and, as ever, it's a really interesting one and one that we think is very useful for schools. This is because it gives a comprehensive overview of the online lives of children and young people where we can see any current, new and emerging trends. For example:
- Increase in 3-5 year olds using social media - this is one that always shocks people, but this is a trend that has been increasing year on year. The numbers have risen again this year to around 4 in 10 very young children using social media apps. Of those, around a fifth of their parents say their children are allowed to use social media independently. Very worrying!!
- Awareness of recommendation systems (algorithms) has increased this year - great news, this is one of my biggest concerns.
- Half of 8-17 year olds using AI tools - no surprise here and reflects what I'm seeing when I visit schools, solidifying the fact that we need to be teaching the safe and appropriate use of these tools whilst raising staff awareness.
You can see the full report HERE. You don't need to read the whole thing, the overview followed by the media use by age sections give you a really good insight.
Big Tech's New Babysitter
This was an article headline that grabbed my attention at the beginning of the week. There were others, such as 'AI Companions are Not for Kids', and I think both headlines summarise the issue nicely where mainstream big tech companies are driving AI into the world of our children, whether they want it or not. In this case it's chatbots.
I've spoken about AI chatbots quite a lot in the past in these weekly newsletters, in staff training and more. Knowledge of these chatbots is understandably quite low, but chatbots aren't new. What I'm specifically referring to here are companion chatbots: AI that is designed to be your friend, to respond to your wants and needs, to emotionally attach.
At the end of April Common Sense Media released their risk assessment (link below) of what they refer to as AI Social Companions with an overall risk level of 'Unacceptable', but what really took me by surprise was the announcement from Google that they are in the process of releasing Gemini specifically for children under the age of 13. My understanding is that this is for children under 13 who have a Google account which is managed via the Google Family Link app, meaning that parents can choose to turn it off. But in the communication from Google it even says 'kids may encounter content you don't want them to see'. So why release it then, why have it turned on by default? Although Gemini isn't designed as a companion chatbot it can be used as one, as can ChatGPT and many others, but this is just another responsibility forced upon parents who are already struggling to keep up.
Article: Why AI Companions are Not Kids Friends - HERE
Risk Assessment from Common Sense Media - HERE.
Article: Google is going to let kids use its Gemini AI - HERE.
For parents: manage your child's access to Gemini apps - HERE.
Screentime - Reframe the Debate
For me the word 'screentime' is a media-hyped, meaningless word devoid of any context. In many staff and, in particular, parent training sessions I'm very clear that I won't be talking about screentime. This often gets looks of surprise or concern, but I do explain my reasoning behind it, explaining that screen 'use' is a much better way to think about what our children are doing, why they're doing it (the most important aspect), and therefore allows for the consideration of what amount of time might be relevant for that particular child. In other words, time for me isn't the first consideration, it's often the last.
I mention this because I read an article form Rachel Kowert recently who is, in my opinion, one of the leading experts in this area. In the article Rachel explains that one moment screens are framed as harmful, the next they're educational powerhouses. That parents often feel guilty about the amount of time they're allowing their child to be behind a screen and perhaps it's time to reframe the debate. I agree, screens in a variety of guises are a part of every day life now and there can be enormous benefits, from education to connection, creativity and much more. But equally there are downsides, from headaches and eye strain through to harmful content and interactions.
There's a quote within the article which I love, "The reason so many parents feel guilty about screen time is that they see it as a treat, like chocolate. But screens aren't just chocolate. They're meat, potatoes, and yes, sometimes a little candy too.
Simple yet brilliant, it's information such as this which can really help parents who might be confused or feeling guilty.
You can read Rachel's article HERE.

At the beginning of April Roblox announced some new tools which will allow parents a greater degree of control over their child's Roblox experience. These tools include:
- Limiting who their child can connect with.
- See which experiences (games) their child plays the most.
- Limit experiences their child can access.

Since the Netflix series Adolescence, this awareness is growing. Not only in relation to issues such as the manosphere, but also other aspects such as Looksmaxxing. So what is it?
Looksmaxxing starts off with softmaxxing, which is all about maximising your physical appearance such as self-care (e.g. working out, hygiene etc.) through to more extreme aspects, known as hardmaxxing such as cosmetic procedures and steroid use.
Algorithms play a large part in the influence: watch and like a couple of videos on TikTok and you're going to be seeing more, potentially leading you down a rabbit hole of more extreme and disturbing content.
My good friend in Canada, Darren Laur, has written a fantastic article on Looksmaxxing which is worth a look, the article also contains advice on what to look out for. You can read the article HERE.
More Concerns with Roblox

Most recently (13th April) Revealing Reality have released results of their investigation called 'A Digital Playground - The Real Guide to Roblox'. As part of this investigation the researchers created multiple account pretending to be persons aged 5, 9, 10, 13 and 40+ in order to explore the safety settings and the user experience which included:
- Adults and children can easily interact.
- Easy access to highly suggestive environments, including participation in adult-themed conversations.
You can read the full report HERE, which was then followed up by two articles in The Guardian HERE and HERE, the latter of which is the experience of some parents and their own child's use of Roblox.
Once Online Always Online
As we all do, whenever I have a talk with students I reflect on what I have delivered, the way I have delivered it, did I get the message across, was the message effective and, most importantly, was it helpful? I'm human, I've made mistakes and not all sessions go as well as I would like them to.
Years ago I used to use the phrase 'once online, always online'. This was often during talks to older students, talking about their future university and career prospects, and it was a phrase which, upon reflection, I wasn't happy with. I felt the message was a hindrance, it wasn't helpful, it was a barrier. Not only that it just isn't true, there are many ways that content can be deleted, removed, or just buried so deeply it can never be found again.
Coincidentally my good friend and fellow consultant from Canada, Darren Laur, has written a fantastic article about this very subject and as he rightly states, "Shifting the conversation from fear to education and support empowers youth and teens to make better choices without making them feel like their future is over if they slip up."
You can read Darren's article HERE.
Game Safe Guide
With the school holidays just around the corner, some children will be looking forward to spending longer online, with their friends, playing online games. There always has to be a balance, but gaming can be a really positive activity for lots of reasons. But as we all know there are lots of risks and issues.
Internet Matters has a brilliant guide for parents which goes into lots of detail in relation to balancing gaming with other activities, setting up consoles correctly, connecting with others and much more.
The full guide can be found HERE.
What is Financially Motivated Extortion?
The National Crime Agency has a great article explaining all about FMSE, how to talk to your child and what you can do if your child becomes a victim. The guide can be found HERE.
How to Talk About Misogyny
The Netflix short series 'Adolescence' has got a lot of people concerned and talking about misogyny, the manosphere, incels and much more. For parents this can be a difficult conversation to have especially when you don't know where to start.
Thankfully, Internet Matters have a fantastic guide all about this subject, things you need to know, understand the pressures and more. You can find all the information HERE.
Know your Emojis
Do you know your eggplant from your snowflake? How about a horse or a stick of dynamite?
If you watched the Netflix drama series, Adolescence, you may have been confused by the talk about the different emojis that are used in messaging to convey a message. Some of these will be obvious, others not so much.
Richard Pomfrett, a good friend of mine and fellow consultant runs his Boyz 2 Men programme in schools and he has put together a quick guide to some of the different emojis that are used. It's really good for safeguarding leads to know about, maybe even a quiz during a staff meeting?
You can download Richard's guide HERE and his main website is HERE.
Incidentally I can across a video on YouTube where an incel researcher reviews Netflix Adolescence, I haven't had a chance to view it all yet (it's 70 minutes long) but first impressions are that it seems very interesting. You can see the video on YouTube HERE.
New TikTok Features
During the 2nd week of march TikTok released some new features which will help with supervision. These new features include Time Away, a feature to decide when it's time for children to take a break and a reccurring schedule. There's also a feature which allows parents to see who their children are following on TikTok.
More information about these new features can be found HERE and the full range of TikTok Family Pairing features can be found HERE.
TikTok, Teens, Social Media and You
MediaSmart have released a wonderful new resource for parents whose children are using TikTok. Designed for 13+ (as you have to be 13 to use TikTok), the resources will help parents better understand their young person's online world and support them through conversation and participation.
There's a campaign film, downloadable guide with practical tips, a school to parent letter and more. Full details can be found HERE.

GenAI, The Harms Landscape

Wearable Tech

- The different types of wearable tech, e.g. smart watches, glasses, VR headsets and fitness trackers.
- Whether wearable technology is safe and what some of the concerns are, e.g. privacy and data collection, impact on body image.
- How wearable tech can support wellbeing.
- And more.
Under 5's Devices
As more and more younger children get access to their own or borrowed tablets it's important to make sure these devices are set up correctly and children are using age-appropriate apps/games. Internet Matters have a great set of resources for parents of these younger children which you can find HERE.
ASMR - Weird or ?
It seems a little strange putting ASMR into an online safety update. Although I've known about ASMR for years through the many conversations I've had with children it isn't really something that has cropped up in the "should I be interested in this...." list.
But a recent report from Revealing Reality grabbed my attention, and after watching a couple of videos I don't mind admitting I felt really uncomfortable, which apparently is normal for someone over the age of 45.
But the question is why? Why are children and young people watching videos of hair grooming, slime squishing, spit painting (not a typo) and more, some of which have had hundreds of millions of views and span across YouTube, TikTok and many other platforms? The answer for some is that they find the world over-stimulating, noisy. This type of content gives them a sense of calm, especially when coupled with noise-cancelling headphones. Some others watch this content because they're lonely and need a connection.
I have no doubt that, for some, ASMR content can be a significant positive for many different reasons, but why even mention it here? Because, as always, there's another side to it. With some of this content there is an explicit and sometimes dark side to it. You can see (hear) an example of this on the final page of the online report which can be accessed HERE. (note: the page navigation isn't very clear, it is at the top right of the page).
Childline - Behind the Screen
You'll no doubt be aware that sexually coerced extortion (blackmail) is on the increase and has been for some time. Behind the Screen is a campaign and free-to-download information pack from Childline for staff, parents and young people into this increasing concern and includes information on language used, impact, how to support it and how you can be supportive.
You can find the pack HERE.
Making Online Viewing Safer for Children

Within this guide there is advice on filters and parental controls, advice about watching and browsing together, screen time and more.
You can access the guide HERE.
NSPCC - Viewing GenAI and Children's Safety
With Ofcom's Online Nations study showing that almost 50% of 8-15 year olds report feeling worried about the impact of GenAI it's clear this is something we need to be targeting sooner rather than later. I have given a lot of talks recently to students, teachers and parents with a focus on AI and understandably there's a lot of confusion in relation to what is discussed, how it may change the curriculum and lots more, so here's my very over-simplified take on it all:
In education we've had the 4C's for a long time - content, contact, conduct and commerce. Within these categories we cover a lot of subjects from bullying to CSE, misinformation, body image and so much more. AI isn't changing this, it is simply adding another layer. For example - misinformation and/or scams - some things we tell students young and old is to check verifiable sources, check spelling and grammar etc. AI hasn't changed this, but check spelling and grammar isn't something that can be relied on any more even though it's still important to check. Another example would be the creation of explicit imagery in order to bully, harass or coerce. This has happened for years through software such as Photoshop, all that has changed now is the ease and speed by which this can be created.
In January the NSPCC released a new report which looks at the need for robust polices and practices to ensure the safety and protection of children in the context of GenAI. Although it seems to be targeted towards policy-makers it makes for interesting (but disturbing) reading as it includes examples from young people and their own experiences which have been taken from Childline counselling sessions. This will give you an idea of the thoughts and concerns from children so you can get an indication of where their worries lie.
You can download the report HERE.
Screentime - Brain Rot?
I have never been a fan of the word 'screentime'. It tells us nothing, there's no context, yet is used by the media to instil and exacerbate fears upon parents leading to other concerns such as addiction. Screen 'time' can be a factor, but screen 'use' is much more important, this gives us context - what are they doing and why?
I came across an article in The Guardian which I thought was so well written and thought provoking, written by real experts, not self-proclaimed or media-hyped experts, which gives a much more balanced view of screentime and what the science does and does not tell us. It's definitely worth a read and you can find the article HERE.
What is Kick Streaming?
Many parents will be aware of Twitch, especially if their children are gamers. Owned by Amazon it has become incredibly popular over the years for children to either watch live streams or to live stream themselves. But in the past there's been plenty of controversy about the platform, particularly in relation to restrictions that imposed upon streamers. So it's no surprise to see other platforms becoming more popular and one of those platforms is Kick (not to be confused with Kik Messenger).
It was launched in 2022, users should be 13+ and it follows the same process as Twitch where live streamers can make money. However, much of the content on Kick is adult in nature.
Internet Matters has a good article about Kick and it may be useful to read. You can find the article HERE.
Childline - Spot the Fake (Video)
Childline have released a new video and I really like it. Called 'Who is Real and Who is Fake" it covers sextortion and scams in general. Starring The Charvas, who are teenage social media influencers, they chat online to 3 girls and have to work out whether they are real or fake. Due to the topic, it also fits in nicely with Safer Internet Day. At 15 minutes in length you can find the Spot the Fake video HERE.

In my talks with secondary students in particular (and sometimes Y5/6), there are certain aspects I always try to include, and algorithms are one such aspect: what 'interest signals' shape what you see, what you can do if you start to see things you don't like etc.
In an article for London School of Economics, Lizzy Winstone has written about the importance of algorithmic literacy and made some key recommendations which I think you may find interesting. You can find the article HERE.

With the possible demise of TikTok in the U.S. Meta (Facebook and Instagram) are trying to entice TikTok users onto their platforms, other apps are trying to move in on the popularity. One such app which appears to have come out of nowhere is Red Note. Like TikTok it comes from China and is in the top 10 charts in the UK.
It's difficult to know how popular this will be or whether it's just a fad, after all the potential ban is in the U.S. However, many of the influencers that children and young people follow are (or were) on TikTok, they have had to move to other apps, so their fans will follow.
If you would like to see an article on Red Note, my colleague Wayne Denner has written 'is RedNote App the Next TikTok?' which you can find HERE.
Doomscrolling is where someone gets caught in a continuous cycle of negativity and fits in perfectly with algorithmic literacy above. Whilst doomscrolling is often intentional, it can also be a result of the decisions the algorithm makes and being led down a rabbit hole of doom. This can have ongoing effects such as anxiety and other negative effects on wellbeing.
Internet Matters has a great article about doomscrolling, including things to look out for and advice for parents. You can find the article HERE.
WhatsApp Account Takeover Scam
Another month, another WhatsApp scam. This time criminal gangs are managing to get into chat groups, particularly groups where there are large numbers of people, meaning that no-one knows everyone. From there they will target individuals in the group by telling them that a code is on its way to them which they need to share. For example, a student chat group was infiltrated by someone pretending to be their university lecturer and he asked them all to share their code so that they could join a group call. At that point, the criminal gang now has control of your personal WhatsApp account and will be able to message others asking for money.
Whilst it can be difficult to get your head around some of these scams the message is simple. Regardless of how old you are, regardless of how much you trust that person, never ever share passwords or passcodes.
Tips to Promote Positive Body Image

Internet Matters have some great, practical advice for parents about self-image, body image and identity which you can find HERE.
Free Webinar - Supporting Neurodivergent Children in the Online World - 29th January
This one is definitely worth joining. Internet Matters are putting on a free webinar (29th January) for parents and carers of neurodivergent children and young people who enjoy gaming online. Registration is required and I'm sure you will find it interesting. See HERE for more information.
How to Deal with Online Scams
ParentZone have put together a very simple but really useful webpage guide about online scams for parents . You can find the guide HERE.
Free Videos for Primary and Secondary Schools
Late 2024 I asked schools to send questions to me that have been asked by students where myself and good friend and fellow consultant, Traci Gregory, would create a few videos answering some of these questions.
The videos were recorded just before Xmas, there are 3 for primary and 3 for secondary aged students. This is a trial to see if it's something schools would find useful, if so we will continue, but we can only continue if schools submit questions, so please do provide feedback and submit questions.
One final thing, bear in mind we have no budget for this. We want these videos to continue to be free but they take a lot of time to create and edit, as well as costs for equipment, hosting etc. so please don't expect whizz-bang graphics, fancy B-roll etc.
Further information and all the videos can be found HERE. No login required so if you think other schools might find them useful feel free to pass the link onto them.
The ABC Checklist
With Christmas just around the corner, the holiday period is a great time to take stock of the devices they have (plus any new Xmas devices) and ensure they are set up correctly with any parental features you feel are appropriate for your child.
One frustrating issue is that the available features and how you set devices up differ, so to help parents Internet Matters have really good, non-techie guides which you can follow as part of their ABC Checklist. ABC stands for:
-
A - Activate parental controls.
-
B - Balance screen time.
-
C - Check and chat.
You can find a full explanation, set up guides and advice HERE.
Emotional Safety on Roblox
The Jed Foundation have put together a great guide for parents regarding emotional safety/wellbeing on Roblox. Although the guide refers to US teens, I would say this guide is appropriate for all children, not just teens. It covers cyberbullying, signs a teen might be struggling online and what parents can do.
You can find the guide HERE.
Loot Boxes

Loot boxes have been a concern for a long time. A few years ago in the UK it was thought that loot boxes would come under the updated Gambling Act but this never happened due to a lack of research, however it is though my many (including myself) that loot boxes can be a gateway or lead-in to gambling.
Concerningly, a BBC investigation has found that, out of the top 45 biggest games on the Google Play store, most are not disclosing that the games contain loot boxes properly. Many parents rely on the information that is available on the various game/app stores as well as ads to decide what is/is not appropriate for their children and this lack of important information is inexcusable.
The BBC article can be found HERE.
My Family's Digital Toolkit

The Family Digital Toolkit can be found HERE.
Digital Media Literacy and Cognitive Development

MediaSmarts have put together a free resource which you may find useful, it includes a tutorial about digital media literacy and a workshop handout. The tutorial is good, but I found the handout to be very interesting as it explains digital media literacy through the development stages of children from sensorimotor (birth to two years) through to formal operations (12 through the teen years) including key skills to develop within each development stage.
You can find the resources HERE.
Second-Hand Devices Guide
Often when children get their first or subsequent devices, particularly mobile phones, it's a hand-me-down, for example when a parent gets a new device on contract. This can be a real positive, mobile devices are very expensive and the latest/greatest devices often have very limited additional functionality over older devices.
But it's really important these devices are configured correctly for younger users. thankfully Internet Matters have a full guide to help parents navigate all the different features and settings, plus how to choose the right second-hand device, safety concerns and much more.
All information and guidance can be found HERE.
Roblox Major Safety Updates.
Last week Roblox, the game used by 90 million people daily, announced some major updates which are available to users and parents. The rollout has already started and will be fully implemented by March 2025. These safety updates include:
- Limits to how children under 13 can communicate.
- Parental controls accessible from the parents phone rather from the child's device (remote management).
There's too much detail to include here, so to see an explanation of all the new features visit the Roblox website HERE.
You can also see the full guide to Roblox parental controls on the Internet Matters website HERE.
Instagram - Algorithm Reset
One of the most concerning 'features' of many social media platforms is the content fed to users by algorithms which uses interest signals and behaviour analysis to predict what individual users wish to see. The sad fact is that once you start to see inappropriate/vile posts it's really hard to get rid of that type of content in your feed.
Interestingly, and no doubt in response to the Online Safety Act, Instagram are releasing a new feature within the app which will allow users to reset the algorithm, allowing users to start again. There's no rollout date yet and how effective this feature will be is anybody's guess, but is good to see companies taking positive steps in the right direction.
You can read more about this on the BBC website HERE.
TikTok Knows it is Harming Children

In the United States 14 Attorney Generals are suing TikTok and as a part of this they have gathered a number of evidential internal documents which allegedly give some alarming information, such as:
- It only takes 260 videos (approx. 35 minutes on the app) to form a habit.
- Compulsive usage can be correlated to a number of negative mental health effects such as contextual thinking, analytical skills, empathy, increased anxiety.
- The positive outcomes of time-management tools would have negligible positive impact. This is where TikTok proposes the user takes a break after 60 minutes. However if a habit is formed after 35 minutes it questions whether there is any positive effect. But TikTok decided to release the tool because it was seen as good PR.
- The company is aware that current moderation practices are ineffective in relation to children (of all ages) being shown harmful content.
- TikTok purposefully demotes content from users they deem unattractive or disabled.
You can read more about this on the 5Rights website HERE.
Snapchat Updated Safety Features

I'm not sure how useful this will be, you can already share location via iOS and Android devices. Personally it isn't something I would use either for myself or with my family, but it's an option to be aware of nonetheless. However, with this new feature there is also the ability to see who your child is sharing their location with, that in itself could be quite useful.
For more information see HERE.
Group Chats

Childnet has a wonderful free resource which you can use which has some useful activities:
- Starting conversations, the positives and negatives.
- Digital wellbeing.
- Bullying and gossip.
- Inappropriate content.
Roblox Tightens Safety Measures
Roblox, one of the most popular games around the world, has been under a lot of fire lately for a whole host of reasons, such as highly inappropriate games accessible to young children, questionable moderation, significant grooming concerns and more.
At its most basic, Roblox is a platform where any user can create games and one of the biggest concerns is that none of these user-generated games have required an age rating system. That's about to change, from mid-December creators will have to content-rate their games. Whilst a positive step it still raises lots of questions, such as:
-
Is anyone checking these ratings?
-
What about games prior to mid-December?
-
Will there be enhanced moderation?
-
and more.
It's a positive step forward but much more needs to be done by Roblox and other platforms to help parents with keeping their children safe. You can read more about the concerns and the steps which Roblox are taking HERE.
Sextortion on the Rise
I'm sure it won't come as a surprise to anyone that the vile crime of sextortion, where a person is coerced into sharing an indecent image then blackmailed, is on the rise worldwide. You've only got to see the recent case of Andrew McCartney to understand how prolific this can be.
Not only is the rise in relation to traditional methods, but AI-enabled sextortion is on the increase, albeit at a thankfully much lower level (that we know of) where a person doesn't even need to share an indecent image, it is created by AI. Furthermore we are now seeing this (again in very low numbers) with users aged from 11 years upwards.
It is vital that staff, parents, carers and students are aware of what this crime is and what to do about it. Leaving this until the child is 14/15 years of age is much too late, it needs to start in Primary.
To understand what it is, recognising warning signs, what to do and more, the Internet Watch Foundation have put together a great information page which would be useful to both staff and parents HERE.
Fortnite Updated Controls
With the Fortnite game as popular as it ever was, it's important that parents of children who play the game are updated on parental controls which will assist. There are quite a few features within Fortnite which may appear overwhelming so Internet Matters have put together a fantastic web page to guide parents through all the controls/settings.
You can find the web page HERE.
Sickening Chatbots
Over the last couple of weeks you may have read in the media about this new concern around an AI platform called Character.ai. If you've never heard of this platform, it's basically a chatbot service where users (13+) can create and/or chat with existing characters where the chatbot will give human-like responses.
I've mentioned in previous weekly updates that I have found children from Year 3 upwards using and conversing with chatbots (mainly Snap MyAI which is embedded within Snapchat), but Character.AI takes this to a whole new dimension as people are creating chatbots based on real people such as Jimmy Saville, Molly Russell (who sadly took her own life) and Brianna Ghey (who was murdered) to name a few.
It is already known that some children and young people are becoming obsessed with chatbots, such as giving them names and referring to them as real people. The concerns around this is growing weekly which emphasises the fact that when we are talking to children and young people we need to be aware of these emerging areas so that we can adequately engage with them.
You can view a good article on the BBC website about Character.ai HERE and Internet Matters have put together a 'What Parents Need to Know" article which will be useful to send out HERE. The Internet Matters article would also be a good one to share with staff so that they are aware of this platform.
"I've Seen Horrible Things."

- 71% of respondents say they feel safe online. However, some children as young as five and children with special education needs and disabilities disproportionately report they feel unsafe.
- Girls were less likely to agree that they felt safe online relative to boys (67% vs 75%).
- There is a correlation that children who state they feel safe online is linked with children feeling good about other areas of their lives.
- This is interesting as it allows us to question what offline vulnerabilities may lead to a higher likelihood of online harm?
- Children do not feel in control of their online lives, e.g. phone addiction and algorithmic content influence.
- The prevalence of online CSA is a big concern for many, as is evolving technology and risks such as AI.
You can find the full report (which has a good executive summary) HERE.
Cyber Security
From financial scams, identity theft, using public WiFi and much more, cyber security is fundamental to all of our lives. Internet Matters have put together a number of articles and resources for parents and their children which go into these topics including:
-
Creating secure accounts.
-
Phishing and ransomware.
-
Digital piracy,
-
and much more.
You can find all the resources HERE.
The True Cost of Virtual Currency
Not too long ago you bought a game and that was it, there was no other financial outlay. But in recent years this has changed enormously; many games (and apps) are free in order to lure in new players, once in there games players are bombarded to purchase currency, skins, loot boxes, power-ups and much more.
A new report called "Getting Played: The True Cost of Virtual Currency" has shed further light on this, explaining the lack of any transparent pricing for virtual currencies or items, the obscure value of currencies and the lack of any consumer rights.
It's a very good, long and detailed report covering 57 pages so I asked ChatGPT to summarise a few of the main points below, you can read the full report HERE.
-
Predatory Monetization: The document focuses on how video game companies use virtual currencies, often called premium currencies, to exploit players, especially children, through deceptive design and monetization tactics. This practice is aimed at maximizing revenue by encouraging continuous spending.
-
Cognitive Bias and Deceptive Design: Virtual currencies confuse consumers about the real cost of in-game purchases. Game designers use cognitive biases such as the sunk-cost fallacy and scarcity bias to push players to spend more, often making the act of spending money feel less significant by using virtual currencies as intermediaries. (The sunk-cost fallacy and scarcity bias is where, if a player has invested money or time in the game, they may feel compelled to keep spending money to avoid wasting their previous investment).
-
Legal Concerns and Lack of Consumer Rights: Premium virtual currencies and in-game purchases are often not covered by consumer protection laws, depriving players of rights such as refunds. The document argues that virtual currencies are detrimental, stripping consumers of protections they would have if real money were used directly for purchases.
-
Impact on Children: The document highlights that children are particularly vulnerable to these tactics due to their lack of financial literacy and impulse control. Games targeting children often include hidden costs, paywalls, and repetitive grinding, which can be circumvented by purchasing in-game currencies, encouraging overspending. (Repetitive grinding refers to repetitive, monotonous tasks such as defeating enemies repeatedly in order to progress or unlock certain features creating frustration).
Parental Supervision - How Far is Too Far?
Many parents will opt to use apps to track and monitor the location and online activities of their children. These apps can be really beneficial (e.g. physical safety) but as with anything there are drawbacks (e.g. invasion of privacy).
Using the voices of young people Voicebox have put together an excellent article which parents can use to give a more informed opinion of these apps and to use as discussion points with their children.
You can find the article HERE.
Girlguiding Annual Report - Misogyny and Loneliness

- Over half of girls 11-21 say they feel concerned that AI may be used to create fake images of them.
- Just under half feel unsafe due to the increase in sexism.
- 59% of girls aged 7-21 report feelings of loneliness.
Quote - While we're more connected, we're also more exposed to judgment and comparison through body shaming, sexist jokes, online harassment and objectification. This fuels loneliness and erodes our confidence, which only makes it harder to feel positive about the future - unquote.
You can read a full summary of the report HERE.
Teen Boys and Body Image Challenges
In light of the new content recommendation changes by YouTube which is going to restrict content to teen boys in particular it's good to see platforms finally start to acknowledge that their algorithms can have a negative effect. A lot of research has been undertaken in relation to algorithmically driven content force-fed to girls but not so much boys who can be just as susceptible, particularly when a simple 'like' on one post can create a feedback loop of similar and more extreme content.
Darren Laur, aka The White Hatter has written a really good article about this, specifically in relation to body dissatisfaction, causing boys to feel they fall short of societal expectations. A good read for parents, which you can find HERE.
Snapchat New Feature - Footsteps
Previously only available to Snapchat+ subscribers (the paid version of Snapchat), Footsteps is a feature that Snapchat is rolling out to all users over the coming weeks. Essentially it's an extension of the Snap Maps feature which shows your location (unless you have Ghost Mode turned on), but this time it shows your travels as footsteps.
When Snap Maps first came out it raised huge safeguarding alarm bells as it was default on, it was only due to public outcry that Snapchat changed the setting to default off. My first reaction to Footsteps was the same, however it appears that Footsteps is only available to the user, not others.
You can read more about this new feature on TechCrunch HERE.
Digital Literacy Guide - InHope
Funded by the European Union, InHope have released a new Digital Literacy Guide which is aimed primarily at teenagers, but I think it may also be useful for parents/carers etc.
The guide is a free download (no sign-up required) and goes into lots of areas such as "Know your Device", "Interacting Online", "Seeking Help" and more.
You can find the guide HERE.
My Family's Digital Toolkit
There are so many really good resources out there for parents/carers about how to help keeping children safe online, but it can quickly become really overwhelming.
Internet Matters has a really great resource for parents called My Family's Digital Toolkit. This is a personalised resource which gives age-specific advice, advice to deal with specific concerns, recommendations for digital tools to support children's interests and more.
The toolkit is free and you can find more details HERE.
Smartphone-Free Childhood?
There's a lot of talk going on right now about a smartphone-free childhood. Personally I think a lot of very sweeping statements are being made without taking into consideration the individual needs of the child/family. Statements such as 'all under 16's should be banned from owning a smartphone' are neither practical nor possible, but all of this makes things very difficult for parents who want clear information to make an informed decision.
Thankfully Internet Matters have lots of clear information which should be useful for parents. In THIS article Internet Matters look at a number of aspects such as balancing concerns with safety and limiting risk. In THIS article there's a parents guide to smart phones versus dumb phones. Together these articles and the links within the articles have lots of up to date, useful information to help them make a decision.
Teen Brains, Technology and Social Media
Following on from online actions above we sometimes need to take a step back and reflect on why children and young people do what they do. Whilst the online disinhibition effect is an important factor to understand, we need to remember that young brains are very different from our own adult brains.
Darren Laur, otherwise known as The White Hatter on Twitter is someone I have known and respected for many years and he writes some inspiring, thought-provoking articles.
In the article I'm referring to he writes about a way in which we can explain, very simplistically, the way in which the young brain develops, specifically concentrating on the limbic system and the pre-frontal cortex. In other words, why and how decisions are sometimes made, especially when emotions play a part.
Darren's method of explaining this is to use the X-Men, Wolverine and Professor Xavier. Wolverine (the limbic system) is the strong, impulsive and emotional character driven by instincts. Prof. Xavier (the pre-frontal cortex) is calm, measured, thoughtful and wise.
We've all had those "Why did you do that, what were you thinking......?" moments. But understanding why adolescents may do things is really important when we're talking to them, it allows us to understand behaviour and also to shape the educational talks we're giving. In other words, try to avoid being judgemental.
I've used something similar in talks to young secondary students in the past. I remember a couple of years ago when a group of students came up to me at the end of the assembly and explained quite a serious situation they had got into. They were found out, and they got into trouble for it. They were told they were stupid (their words) for getting into that situation, that they should have known better. After the explanation in the assembly they agreed they were stupid (again, their words) but they didn't realise that at the time. Nobody had ever explained to them how emotions can take over rational decision making.
It's a really good article and well worth a read, it's also worth sharing with other parents.
You can find Darren's article HERE.
Instagram Teen AccountsSocial media companies, Meta in particular, are under intense political and public scrutiny right now with more and more evidence showing that content and certain interactions can exacerbate harm. For you and me on the frontline there's nothing new here, we don't need studies and evidence to 'prove' that this is happening, we already know.
But what is new is that companies are responding, at last. Opinions on why they are responding will differ, but if you want mine it has got little to do with caring about users but more to do with the pressure as I mentioned earlier. If these companies cared then they would have adopted safety by design many years ago, the technology to do so has been around for over a decade.
With that said, any step forward is a positive one, as long as the features work, that parents are aware of them and use them.
Last week Instagram (Meta) announced, "Teen Accounts: Built-In Protections for Teens, Peace of Mind for Parents". That's quite a bold statement, but what does it mean?
At a basic level, any new accounts created by users 13-16 will automatically be put into a more restricted teen account which has built in protections which are:
-
Private accounts - new accounts default to private. This applies to all teens under 16 (including those already using Instagram) and teens under 18 who sign up for a new account.
-
However, currently this relies on users being truthful with their age. Instagram state they will be testing new technology with U.S. users at some point next year which will estimate age. This is poor, very accurate age-estimation technology has been around for years.
-
-
Sensitive content restrictions - teen accounts will be placed into the most restrictive 'sensitive content control' setting.
-
Limited interactions - users can only be tagged or mentioned by people they follow. Offensive words and phrases will be filtered out of comments and DM's (private messages).
-
Time limit reminders - users will get notifications telling them to leave the app after 60 minutes each day.
-
Sleep mode - Notifications will be muted between 2200 and 0700.
These settings can be turned off/on but users (16 and below) will have to set up parental supervision and those parents have to approve the changes. The parent supervision feature has been around for a while. New features within parent supervision includes ways to see who their children are talking to (but not the content of those messages), setting daily time limits, blocking specific time periods and see topics that children are looking at.
When it comes to Meta I'm always glass half empty, history has shown time and time again they cannot be trusted. However, if these new features help some children and some parents that can only be a good thing.
Here is a link explaining these new features take a look HERE. Also on that page there is a 30 second explainer video to prompt discussions on these new features with children.
Real World Consequences
This is a subject which many of us speak about with children - that some of the things which happen online can have real consequences now and in the future. It's something that all schools have to deal with on an almost daily basis. The online disinhibition effect can play a large part - that feeling of anonymity or invisibility when behind a screen, which is why timely reminders are important.
We came across an article in TES which explains the SIFT process and we really like it, we think it's perfect for KS2/3:
SIFT (verb) - to examine something closely.
S - is for STOP, reflect and consider.
I - INVESTIGATE the source.
F - FIND better coverage, dig further.
T - TRACE the claim to its original context.
YouTube - Parental Controls for Teens
Google (YouTube) have, in the past, always argued that YouTube is strictly for over 13's, much like most other social platforms. This age is predominantly for marketing/advertising purposes. However, that argument has never stood up given that Google have never had a means to prevent under 13's using the platform wither with or without an account.
Back in 2021 YouTube introduced new parental features, called Supervised Experience, and this was for parents of children under 13 who were using YouTube.
Now, it looks like YouTube is extending Supervised Experience for parents of teenagers. In early September they announced that parents/carers will be able to link their teenagers account to the parent account where parents will have the ability to see some limited information such as number of video uploads, comments etc.
I think some parents may be disappointed that this is quite a limited set of features and I would agree. You can read more about this HERE.
Video Games and Children
Unicef have shared an article with some nice, clear and simple advice for parents/carers about online gaming. The article covers how to create a positive and safe gaming environment, how parents can engage with their children, what the benefits of gaming are and more.
You can view the article on the Unicef website HERE.
Gaming Tips for Parents of Neurodivergent Children.
Internet Matters have released another really useful guide, this time it's all about online gaming safety tips for parents and carers of neurodivergent children. It's a simple 5-page guide covering the research, example games, some of the challenges which parents face and the all-important benefits.
It's a great little guide which you can download HERE.
The ABC Online safety Checklist.
You can download the guide HERE.
Sharing Back to School Videos
A member of staff from a school emailed me to suggest some guidance for parents about sharing back to school photos on social media. I was going to create a short video but my friend and online safety colleague from Northern Ireland, Wayne Denner, had already created one and it's good: short and sweet.
You can access the video to share with your parents on YouTube HERE and there's a blog post HERE. If you go to Wayne's website he's got quite a few good videos that may be worth sharing or linking to. You can get to his website HERE.
Guide to Snapchat
Snapchat have released a guide for educators, with a few resources, to help staff understand how students use the app and the safety features that are available. I'm not sure how useful this will be, but Snapchat is often the most popular app used by students from Primary upwards, yet many staff don't really know how Snapchat works or what features are available, so it might be worth taking a look at. There's even a short video which explains what Snapchat is and how teens use it, this may be useful for a staff meeting.
You can find all the information HERE.
Snapchat also released new safety features late June which may be useful to share with parents. These new features include expanded in-app warnings, enhanced friending protections, simplified location sharing and improvements to blocking.
More information HERE.
Android Phones - School Time Setting
(Image credit: Google)
The debate about banning phones in school, particularly secondary, continues apace. There are wide and varied opinions on a whole range of issues from mental health (including addiction) to behaviour and much more
A big concern is distraction and so a post from Google caught my attention last week. This was their announcement that they are rolling out a 'school time' feature to more Android devices. I haven't heard of this before so I was intrigued, essentially it's where a parent can completely lock down an Android phone to only receive phone calls and messages from particular contacts, whilst locking out all other functionality (e.g. social media apps).
I haven't tested this but in theory it sounds really good and given that the features are managed via the Google Family Link app my assumption is that this will be a worldwide rollout. It would be really good to see Apple have something similar to this but I think it's definitely a step in the right direction, as long as parents know about and use the features.
You can find more information HERE.
Digital Family Agreement
With the summer holidays just around the corner now can be a great time for parents/carers to talk with their children and set ground rules, boundaries and expectations around tech use. The easiest way to do this is via a digital family agreement and London Grid for Learning have a really useful template which is free for anyone.
You can download the digital family agreement from LGfL HERE.
How Boys are being Led to Misogyny
It will come as no surprise that social media is the avenue by which most people see misogynistic and other harmful content. In February 2024 a new report called 'Safer Scrolling' was released by Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr from University College London which contains useful, important data for schools and colleges on how boys are being targeted with misogynistic content, how social media companies are promoting that content and what teachers can do about it.
As part of the study it is shown that after only 5 days of TikTok usage there is a fourfold increase in the levels of misogynistic videos shown to teenage boys in their TikTok ForYou timeline.
For an interview-style executive summary from TES you can read THIS article. The full report can be found HERE.
Annual Cybersurvey
The annual cybersurvey from Youthworks (Adrienne Katz and Aiman El Asam) is an important insight into the online lives of children aged 11-17. All the data was collected in Autumn 2023 from 1433 students and explores both the positive and negative sides of life online including:
-
Electronic mood management.
-
Resilience.
-
Harmful content.
-
Body image.
-
Social isolation
-
and much more.
The Cybersurvey 2023 report can be found HERE.
Previous Updates from Alan Mackenzie